peters



NJETEHS. @NOTO-LITHOGHAFHER WASHINGTON D C Ascriptionland` claims.

MTeallfrzhom tmayconceraf i i -jBe` itrknownlthatIQDiiNIEL ESQMES, of Washington, in the county of Washington, and

:finythe District of lColinnbia,"lhave invented a new and `useful Improvement in Devices for riGooling or Freezing and Aerifying Liquids; d `l do hereby declare that the. following is jfull, clear, `1andexact vdescription thereof, Mrefereneefbeinghad ofthe annexed drawing, makingpartof thiss ciiication, in which-- *Figure `1' represents tical section online `Fox of Fig." 3, showin 4one form ofimy im- `proved apparatuspfor cooling and aerifying x arious substances "Fig.\2is ahorizont'al secon on line`A* B of Fig. `1,showin`g inplan "viewthe upper portionofthe apparatus only.

`.311s ahorizontal section" on `lineG.x G",

it g.` `1. 'Allis avertical sectionof thisform .offapparatusrtakerr cna" line atright angles the section shown inVFig. 1. Fig. `5 isa plan' `view of the frame or disk which supports `the gauze cylinders or tubes for atomizing liqhuids. Figi `6 is "a vertical sectioniof the appa-` atus somewhat modified in construction, for

.i purposeshereinafter to bemore fully explained."

Fig." 37j isanother form of my apparatus, show- S is a horizontal section thereof, taken aplaneindicatedby line `LX M in Fig. 7.

."9 representsa vertical section of still an` er `form` of `my apparatus. Fig. l0 is a plan 'ew ofgthe"V latter withthe top removed.

helsame letter of reference are employed "designation of identi?` orwiisn'ineron nis'rnror or cotunnin.

une, FBEEzmG, AND rssxanvme soL'mfs. uoums, AND GASES.`

" pm of Letters Patent No; 11,2394, dated February es, 1871.

an upright shaft, A, "shown as cylindrical in form, but which may have any other form of eonvenient height and diameter, which rests with its lower end in the center of a large tank,

placed, either directly or in second ary receptacles. i That; portion `of this shaft orcylinder which extends above the tank B is constructed with doublewalls, packed with some good nonconductor of heat; but its lower termination,- which enters the tank, has a single wall only, to permit of the. ready conduction of heat or communication between the interior of the vshaftand the external atmosphere maybe A pump or pair of pumps, C, is placed in the tanksB, incluse proximity to` the shaft A. These pumps are operated in'v any convenient manner, and are arranged to draw any liquid which may be poured-into the shaft A, and force it back into said shaft through` a pipe, i G1, which `rises inthe same to about the middle of its height, being plugged vat its upper is lfinely perforated, to discharge the liquidin a comminuted state in horizontal directions;

thepipe 'carries a horizontal frame or disk, G2, whichis constructed with two or ymore annutically. y This diskforl frameisprovided'for the support of one or more `pipes or'cylinders, l), made of very iine wire-cloth or other similar f material, by which the comminuting or atomng.. and aerifying various substances, such as gases, liquids, perishable articles of food, 85e., Jitbeingalso applicablefor the manufacture of ice; andmyllimproveinent consists in the con-I struction, i combination,` and arrangement of h 'various partsof such apparatus, as will` beA ed in thefollowing de- *more specifically indi Toenablethose @skilled iny the art to make h d `use 'my inventionfl` will proceed to de` i scribe its construction `and mode of operation.`

1111 `The form ofi-apparatusshown in Figs. 1 to `-5 is more especially designed to be usedin confinection with v preserving and refrigerating tanks, "and for cooling airto be conducted into apartments below. lt consists, essentially, of

lizing of the liquids discharged from the tube is still more effected. The verticalpins of the disk will serve to hold these tubes of gauze in proper position, i at the same time admitting of easy removal'V and reinsertion. By using fewer ormore of these tubes of gauze the liquid will be atomized to a greater or less extentas may be required. Uponthe top of the shaft a num- -ber of vertical tubes E, are placed, opening into the shaft, and either open at their upper ends or controlled by suitable valves.4 (Not Vshown in the drawing.)

oval or iiat shape, as clearly shown in Fig. 2,

B, in whichthearticles to be preserved are cold. The top of the shaft is closed by ahead, A1, in which valves A2 are arranged, so that a opened whenever it is desirable or necessary.

end. The upper length or portionof this pipe and at the lower end of this perforated portion larser1esof pins or bars, .0, standing up ver- -The tubes are made,"by preference, of an l and covered with fibrous material, which is kept moist from a reservoir containing Water or other liquid, which is caused to drip upon 'such covering. Y y Y F represents an ordinary fan-blower, placed in any suitable position near the tank B, and may be driven from the same shaft which gives motion to the pump-pistons. The blast of air created by this blower is conducted through a duct, F1, and directed against the edges of the pipes E, to causea rapid evaporation of the moisture contained in their fibrous coverings, by which evaporation the air or vapors in the tubes will be reduced in temperature.

Rooms or apartments below the one in which the apparatus is placed are connected with it by suitable pipes G, which should be provided with valves or cocks to open 'or close commu; nication, at pleasure.

In operating this apparatus, to use it for cooling and refrigerating purposes, a quantity of water or brine, or ether and volatile liquids, according to the degree of cold to be produced, is poured into the shaft A, and the pump or pumps started. The liquid, issuing in a ne spray from the discharge-pipe of the pump and Wire-cloth tubes or cylinders surrounding it, parts with a portion of its latent heat, and much more readily evaporizes, in which it abstracts constantly heat from the air contained in the shaft, thus reducing its temperature until the necessary degree'of cold has beenl obtainedin its lower end, which communicates such cold to the surrounding tank and receptacles in it.

To aid in more rapidly reducing the telnf'perature in the shaft, as well as to recondense the vapors of the liquid, the blower may be put in operation to cause a current of air to rapidly evaporate the moisture in the coverings of the tubes E, and thus reduce their temperature and that of the air in them orpassing through them. The rising vapors, meeting with the cold surface of these tubes, immediately condense, and are returned into the shaft to be utilized over again.

The evaporation may be still further quick- -ened by opening the valves in the top of the shaft, which also serve to admit of a person entering it for making repairs or for other purposes. By opening these valves, fresh air can at any time be admitted into the shaft for aerifying the water or other liquid in it, to prevent its getting ropy and stale.

Where not an intense cold needs to be produced, the operation of the pumps `may be stopped, and the blower and evaporating-tubes employed only.

Wherever it is admissible, the shaft should be carried up to a considerable height-say iifty feet or more-as a high shaft will very materially aid in producing the results heretofore described.

This apparatus is especially applicable for household purposes and on shipboard, for cooling and aerifying water and other liquids without the use of ice. The blower and evaporatingtubes are in these cases dispensed with, and only the shaft containing the atomizing apparatus, with a small force-pump, employed.

The liquid to be cooled and aeritied is kept in the shaft and subjected to the treatment already set forth whenever occasion calls for it. Beer, ale, wine, &c., may be thus cooled and kept fresh and sparkling.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, the airduct Fl has a branch, F2, passing over the tank B and through the shaft A, where a number of vertical evaporating-tubes, F3, are inserted in this branch duct, opening above and belowlit.

At the junction of the main duct F and its branch, valves j' are arranged in them, by which the direction of the blast may be controlled.

J ust above the branch the shaft is constructed with a funnel-shaped diaphragm, A3, in the bottom of which the upper ends of the evaporating-tubes F3 are iitted, so that any moisture or liquid running down the wall of the shaft will be conducted from this funnel upon the fibrous covering of these tubes, to be evaporated by the passing currents of air. The shaft, in this instance, is to be covered with fibrous materialuponthe outside, andl lined in a similar manner upon its interior down to the funnel, and streams of water or other liquid are employed to continually wet its exterior, while its interior is besprinkled by the atomizer. Thus abundant means for evaporation are provided, in consequence of which the temperature of the shaft and the liquid contained therein can be reduced' ver'y rapidly.

This method of covering and lining' the shaft A, to aid in reducing the temperature of its contents by the evaporation of liquids on it, may be employed in the apparatus already described, as well as in other forms still to be mentioned. v

In Figs. 7 and 8 the apparatus is somewhat modified in construction by the substitution of another form of atomizer, which consists of an air-chamber', H, placed in the bottom of the shaft, with a number of horizontal tubes,

71l radiating from it near the top. These tubes terminate in nozzles, as shown, and each one discharges a blast of air directly over the nozzle end of a tube, h'. There are as many of the latter as there are tubes h.

The lower ends of the tubes h are immersed in the liquids in the shaft, which, by theaction of the blasts passing over these tubes, is drawn up into them, and, meeting with the blast as it issues from the nozzles, is blown into a fine spray. The pumps are, in this instance, air-pumps, drawing the air through a suction-pipe, I, from the top of the shaft. This pipe may be arranged upon the outside of the shaft, in which case I propose to surround it with a jacket of ice or other cooling substances, so that the ingoing current of air may be cooled in its passage to the pumps.

Il represents a box placed `upon the top of 'the shaft, and inclosingthe upper evaporating-tubes.` y 1 The suction-pipe I issues into this box, so

`that all the air is compelled to pass from the l shaft through the evaporating-tubes before it can enter the suction-pipe, whereby it `is dried before it again enters thepumps to be forced e back into the shaft.

condensed upon condensing-tubes in the duct and caught up in any suitable manner to be used over again. i Y

The apparatus shown in Figs. 9 and 10 consists` of threeV compartments, one withinl the other. The outer chamber is air-tight, with a number of tubes opening into the middle chamber and directed toward the central compartment, which latter serves as a receptacle for articles to be preserved or frozen.

In the middle apartment a quantity of liquid `is poured, iimmersingthe` lowerends of upright tubes K, which terminate under the tubes of the outer or air chamber. As the air is blown through these latter tubes the liquid is drawn up into the tubes K and thrown in a ne mist against ,the wall ofthe central chamber.` U

The modification ofthe apparatus, as shown in Fig. l1, consists in the employment .of a fcondenserwithinthe shaft for the purpose of L condensing the rising vapors. l

'The condenser is composed `of a coil of pipe,

' L, through which aconstant iiow of liquid is maintained by the pumps.

Among others Imay name the following liquids I propose to use in connection with thisl apparatus: Ether, ammonia, naphtha, gasoline, rhigoline, and other volatile liquids, such as have been enumerated by me in some ofv Iny patents, or their equivalents. The

atomizing-tubes are jointed at fr 1' fr r, to facilitate rtheir removal and readjustment.

Where this apparatus is used for cooling buildings, apartments,"cars, ships, and other vessels, it is constructed substantially as shown in Fig. 6, with the addition `of a fibrous covering and lining` ofthe shaft, as hereinbefore fully set forth.- i

l As electricity is a decomposing agent, and

` is especially destructive to fresh meats, milk, fruits, and `the like, a part of my invention consists in so constructing and arranging my apparatus as tohave the electricity conducted from the articles to be preserved and the vessel for chamber containing them.

' `This I accomplish, first, by placing said ar- `tially as set forth.

ticles in metallic boxes or vessels surrounded by a glass or other non-conducting casing, with a conductor connected with the minor vessel, and extending into the ground or a body of water or moisture.

The metallic vessel should be lined with tin, wood, or\.other material which will not deleteriously aect the articles to be preserved.

Second, I employ glass vessels, with good non-conductors of heat and cold, as air-chambers, between double or multiple walls or chambers packed with sawdust, charcoal, and the v like, surrounding said glass vessel, and having a conductingrod extend from the interior of the vessel into the ground or some attractive point.

Thus I am enabled by my invention to preserve food and other perishable articles by various means-namely, lowering the temperature within a given space vby excluding the heat therefrom; or by atomizing liquids and conducting the latent heat therefrom by means of evaporation artificially produced by means of ice, and ice and salt, or other cold mixture,

as set forth in former patents granted to me;

and by the employment of means to conduct electricity from the vessels containing articles vto be preserved. I also apply carbonio acid, in the form of gas or otherwise, or carbolic` acid, to thethings to be preserved, or around the vessel containing them. Y

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The process of preserving food, hides, or

other animal or vegetable substances by the application of cold to tight vessels, in which the same are placed, and the conduction of the electricity therefrom, substantially as set forth.

2. The method of atomizing liquids by forcing them against wire-gauze, or its equivalent.

3. The atomizing device C C* D, in combination with the shaft A, substantially as set forth.

4. The elements in the preceding clause, in combination with the tank B, substantially as set forth. l

5. The combination of the atomizing devices C G D, shaft A, evaporating-tubes E, and blower F F1, substantially-as set forth.

6. The combination of the shaft A, box I', evaporating-tubes E, pumps C, air-chamber H h, and tubes h', substantially as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. v

7. The combination of the shaft A, atomizing devices C G1 D, and condenser L, substati- D. E. soMEs.

Witnesses: F. C. Soms, B. R.So1vrns. 

